Pressure
Sand Filter
for Tamil Nadu
High - performance sand filtration systems are designed, supplied, and commissioned by PSD Energy & Water Pure System - removing suspended solids, turbidity, silt, and organic particles from bore well, surface water, and municipal supply, delivering consistently clear water at 95%+ TSS removal efficiency across Tamil Nadu.
95%+
TSS Removal
< 5 NTU
Output Turbidity
500–1L
LPH Capacity
12 Yrs
Media Life
Suspended Solids Are Silently Damaging Your Water System
Turbidity is caused by suspended particles - sand, silt, clay, algae, and organic debris - that render water cloudy or murky. In Tamil Nadu, bore well and surface water sources commonly carry Total Suspended Solids (TSS) levels far exceeding the acceptable limit of 5 NTU for drinking water and 10 mg/L for process applications.
Turbidity Impact Scale - WHO Drinking Water Limit: 1 NTU
How Suspended Solids Damage Your Water System
Particle Entry at Source
Bore well water carries dissolved and suspended particles - sand, colloids, and organic matter - introduced through the aquifer and borehole casing into the distribution system.
Downstream Contamination
Turbid water settling in storage tanks and pipe bends creates biofilm colonies, increases bacterial load, and produces objectionable taste and odour in water reaching end users.
Equipment & Process Failure
TSS damages RO membranes, UV sleeves, solenoid valves, and heat exchangers - causing system failure, increased energy consumption, and exponentially higher maintenance costs.
"Sand filter pre-treatment is the most cost-effective first step any facility can take - protecting every downstream water asset across Tamil Nadu's high-turbidity bore well conditions from day one of operation."
- PSD Energy & Water Pure System, Karur
Turbid & Cloudy Water
Suspended particles - sand, silt, clay, and organic matter - scatter light through water, giving it a murky appearance that is unacceptable for drinking, bathing, or any industrial process use.
Pathogen Shelter
Turbidity above 1 NTU is known to provide shelter for waterborne bacteria and protozoa - significantly reducing the effectiveness of downstream chlorine and UV disinfection systems.
RO Membrane Fouling
Suspended solids rapidly block RO membranes, reducing permeate output and membrane life - increasing operating costs by 40–60% when adequate sand filter pre-treatment is absent.
Chlorine Demand Surge
High turbidity increases chlorine consumption as suspended organics react with chlorine - forming disinfection by-products including trihalomethanes (THMs) that are harmful to health.
Industrial Process Failure
Turbid water contaminates textile dyes, food batches, pharma products, and cooling towers - leading to production rejections, regulatory non-compliance, and costly process downtime.
Pipe & Valve Blockage
Suspended particles accumulate in pipe elbows, solenoid valves, heat exchangers, and drip emitters - causing clogging, unplanned shutdowns, and spiralling maintenance expenditure.
From Murky & Turbid to Crystal Clear
Turbid Water
TSS 50–500 mg/L · Cloudy · Particle-laden · Equipment damaging
Turbidity: 25–500 NTU
Pressure Sand
Filter
Filtered Water
TSS < 5 mg/L · Crystal clear · Particle-free · Ready for any use
Turbidity: < 5 NTU
Six-Stage Sand Filtration Process
Raw Water Inlet
Turbid bore well, canal, or municipal water enters through an inlet valve - raw TSS and NTU values are recorded at this point to establish baseline treatment parameters for media sizing.
Coagulant Dosing
For high-turbidity water above 50 NTU, alum or poly-aluminium chloride is dosed upstream to agglomerate fine colloidal particles into larger flocs - maximising sand filter capture efficiency.
Multi-Layer Sand Bed
Water flows downward through anthracite, coarse sand, and fine silica sand layers - each successive layer trapping progressively finer particles via mechanical straining and adsorption.
Underdrain Collection
Filtered water exits through a perforated underdrain at the vessel base - designed to collect clean water uniformly across the full cross-section without disturbing the sand media bed.
Backwash Regeneration
At scheduled intervals, clean water is pumped upward through the sand bed to fluidise and flush trapped particles - restoring full filtration capacity and extending media life up to 12 years.
Crystal Clear Output
Treated water exits below 5 NTU turbidity - particle-free, clear, and ready for RO pre-treatment, UV disinfection, storage, or direct process use across any domestic or industrial application.
The Right Filter for Your Flow & Source
Sand filter design is selected based on raw water turbidity, flow rate, operating pressure, and downstream treatment requirements - each variant offering a different balance of capital cost, filtration performance, and maintenance requirement.
Pressure Sand Filter (PSF)
A closed-vessel, pressurised sand filter is the most widely deployed design - operating under 2–5 bar line pressure without any additional pump. Water is forced downward through the sand bed and collected at the underdrain, delivering filtered output at full system pressure.
- No additional pump required
- Compact - ideal for rooftops
- FRP or MS-epoxy vessel options
- Handles TSS up to 200 mg/L
- Most economical for most sites
Dual Media Filter (DMF)
A dual media filter combines anthracite (coarser, lighter) over silica sand - achieving deeper bed filtration and longer filter runs. It is the preferred pre-treatment for RO plants, handling TSS up to 500 mg/L with lower SDI output than a single-media sand filter.
- Handles TSS up to 500 mg/L
- Longer filter run between backwash
- Preferred for RO pre-treatment
- Lower SDI output - < 3 guaranteed
- Best for industrial & pharma plants
Gravity Sand Filter (GSF)
A gravity sand filter operates without applied pressure - water flows downward through the media bed under gravity alone. It is used in large-scale municipal, agricultural, and open-channel water treatment where very high flow rates above 50,000 LPH are required at minimal energy cost.
- No pressure vessel required
- Very low energy consumption
- Handles very high flow rates
- Suitable for municipal & agriculture
- Easy to construct and maintain
| Parameter | PSF | DMF | GSF |
|---|---|---|---|
| Max TSS (mg/L) | Up to 200 | Up to 500 | Up to 1,000 |
| Output Turbidity | < 5 NTU | < 2 NTU | < 5 NTU |
| Operating Mode | Pressure | Pressure | Gravity |
| Backwash Freq. | Weekly | Bi-weekly | Weekly |
| Media Life | 10–12 years | 12–15 years | 10–15 years |
| Best For | Home / Apt | RO Pre-treat | Municipal |
| Relative Cost | Lowest | Moderate | High |
Sand Filters for Every Sector
From 500 LPH domestic point-of-entry units to 1,00,000 LPH industrial pre-treatment trains - sand filters are engineered for any turbidity level, flow rate, and source water type.
Home & Villa Sand Filtration
Sand filters are installed at the point-of-entry in homes - treating all bore well or municipal water before overhead tank storage, removing sand, silt, and suspended particles throughout.
Capacity
500–2,000 LPH
Key Benefit
Particle-free home water
Residential Complex Systems
Central sand filter systems are commissioned for apartment complexes - treating bore well supply at the sump level before distribution, ensuring clean water delivery to all flats simultaneously.
Capacity
2,000–15,000 LPH
Key Benefit
Sump-level pre-treatment
Hospitality Sand Filtration
Hotels install sand filters to deliver consistently clear water for guest rooms, swimming pools, kitchens, and laundry - protecting linen, plumbing, and water features from particle damage.
Capacity
5,000–30,000 LPH
Key Benefit
Pool & linen protection
Industrial Process Pre-Treatment
Textile mills, paper plants, and food processors install sand filters as the first stage of a multi-barrier treatment system - preventing particles from affecting product colour and quality.
Capacity
10,000–1,00,000 LPH
Key Benefit
Product quality assurance
RO Membrane Protection
Sand filters are the industry standard before RO plants - reducing Silt Density Index (SDI) to below 3, preventing membrane fouling and extending RO membrane life by 3–5 times.
Capacity
Any RO capacity
Key Benefit
SDI < 3 guaranteed
Drip Irrigation Pre-Filter
Sand filters protect drip emitters, sprinkler heads, and fertigation equipment from blockage - a critical pre-treatment step for bore well water used in precision agricultural irrigation.
Capacity
2,000–50,000 LPH
Key Benefit
Drip emitter protection
Engineered for Consistent Performance
Every sand filter is assembled with corrosion-resistant, tested components - because consistent turbidity removal over a 12-year system life depends entirely on component quality from the first day of operation.
FRP / MS-Epoxy Pressure Vessel
Filter vessels are fabricated in fibre-reinforced plastic (FRP) or MS-epoxy coated steel - rated to 6 bar, corrosion-resistant, available in diameters from 8 inch to 72 inch.
Multi-Port Valve (MPV)
A single multi-port valve controls all operating modes - filtration, backwash, rinse, and bypass - simplifying operation and eliminating complex pipe manifolds in smaller systems.
Silica Sand & Anthracite Media
BIS-grade silica sand (0.4–0.8 mm effective size) and anthracite coal are packed to specified depth - providing consistent TSS removal across the full filter run between backwash cycles.
Differential Pressure Gauges
Inlet and outlet pressure gauges measure differential pressure across the sand bed - signalling when the bed is loaded and a backwash cycle is required to prevent turbidity breakthrough.
Auto Backwash Controller
A timer-based or differential-pressure-triggered automatic backwash controller initiates the cycle without manual intervention - maintaining the sand bed in optimal condition consistently.
Online Turbidity Meter (Optional)
An inline nephelometric turbidity meter continuously monitors output NTU - triggering alarms when turbidity exceeds the set threshold, enabling proactive response before breakthrough occurs.
Standard Sand Filter Specifications
| Parameter | Value | Note |
|---|---|---|
| Raw Water TSS | 5–1,000 mg/L | Media type selected accordingly |
| Output Turbidity | < 5 NTU | WHO limit: 1 NTU for drinking water |
| Flow Rate Range | 500–1,00,000 LPH | Custom beyond 1,00,000 LPH |
| Operating Pressure | 2–6 bar | Gravity feed also available |
| pH Range | 6.5–8.5 | Pre-pH correction if needed |
| Vessel Material | FRP / MS-Epoxy / SS | As per application |
| Media Depth | 800–1,200 mm | Design dependent |
| Backwash Mode | Manual / Automatic | Timer or DP triggered |
| Warranty | 1 Year System | Media life 10–15 years |
Turbidity Problems Solved & Verified
“Our bore well used to deliver sandy, cloudy water into the overhead tank. After PSD Energy installed a pressure sand filter, the water is completely clear. Our RO membranes also last much longer now.”
Kavitha Residence
Home Owner, Karur
“A 30,000 LPH dual media filter was installed by PSD Energy for our dyeing unit. Turbidity has dropped from 180 NTU to under 3 NTU. RO plant SDI has improved significantly and membrane replacements have reduced.”
Sri Ram Spinning Mills
Textile Mill, Salem
“Our pool and guest bathrooms had a visible sandy tint from bore well supply. PSD Energy designed a gravity sand filter system. Water quality complaints from guests have stopped completely.”
Green Valley Resort
Resort, Namakkal
Questions About Sand Filters
Clear Water Starts With a Free Test.
A free on-site water quality test for turbidity (NTU), TSS, TDS, pH, and iron is provided - followed by a complete sand filter system proposal with vessel sizing, media recommendation, and transparent pricing. No obligation.
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86680 08047 / 96989 16694
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Response within 24 hours. Free water testing report and system proposal at no obligation.
GST Registered
Certified Media Only
100+ Systems Installed
1-Year Warranty
1–2 Day Installation
5-Star Rated